Organelles that Build Proteins
Ribosomes
Ribosomes are found in both plant and animal cells and are made in the nucleolus and transported out of the nucleus through endoplasmic reticulum. Ribosomes are important for the process of synthesis, specifically of proteins. In diagrams, they look like small black dots floating through the cytoplasm, but they are really small particles of protein and RNA.
Endoplasmic Reticulum
There are two types of endoplasmic reticulum; both types are found in plants and animal cells. The ER is a membrane system found throughout the cell.
Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum: The Smooth ER creates the lipid parts of the cell membrane and has enzymes that are used for the detoxification of drugs. The SER moves materials through the cell through the processes of transport and circulation.
Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum: The RER is called "rough" because of the ribosomes attached to it. The Rough ER is necessary to create and transport proteins throughout the cell. When the ribosomes attached to the Rough ER create proteins, the proteins are sent to the Rough ER to be chemically modified for specific uses. The Rough ER is also used for transportation and circulation processes.
Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum: The Smooth ER creates the lipid parts of the cell membrane and has enzymes that are used for the detoxification of drugs. The SER moves materials through the cell through the processes of transport and circulation.
Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum: The RER is called "rough" because of the ribosomes attached to it. The Rough ER is necessary to create and transport proteins throughout the cell. When the ribosomes attached to the Rough ER create proteins, the proteins are sent to the Rough ER to be chemically modified for specific uses. The Rough ER is also used for transportation and circulation processes.
Golgi Bodies
The Golgi Bodies are found in both plant and animal cells and are used for the process of secretion. A secretion is a substance produced by a cell for a specific purpose, like sweat and tears. Golgi bodies modify, sort, and packages proteins and other materials from the ER for either storage in the cell or for release outside of the cell.